高中地理学习方法系列:(十一)必修二学习指南

高中地理必修二学习指南

必修二册要进行的是人文地理的学习,即从地理学的角度分析人文社会现象的形成原因及分布规律。其设置的宗旨是增加中学生的人文社会知识,提高人文素养。

1. 心理准备 — 端正态度,杜绝懈怠

关于本册学习首先要提醒大家的是端正态度。必修二册内容的社会性和常识性较强,学了两节课后,有的同学发现,再也不用绞尽脑汁地去想像推理计算了,学习必修二简直太轻松了!慢慢地懈怠思想也就随之而来。两种想法隐隐出现:一种是认为必修二用不着听课,背背就行。更糟糕的是认为早学也没用,考试之前突击一下就行。同学们,这种想法是万万要不得的。本册最大的特点是学着简单考着难,往往是考完试以后同学们都自我感觉良好,但出来成绩很不理想。这种情况的出现和两方面因素有关:一、课本内容确实不难,仅从看课文的角度来讲,绝大多数同学都能读懂。正因如此,很多同学忽视了听课和思考,对问题的认识没有体系,没有深度。二、本册内容考查起来相当灵活。考查同一个问题,可以用不同的地区或事例,也可以用不同的形式:文字叙述、各种统计图、表等。如果学的不精,很难抓住问题实质,从 而有针对性地答题。

2. 学法建议

怎样解决必修二册考试难以得高分的问题?我们应当从以下几个方面努力:

注意观察身边事物的发展变化,积累生活经验

和必修一册的情况差不多,本册教学过程中,也经常会借用一些直观印象来引入课题,然后分析规律,指导实践。所以,你这方面的印象、经验越多越容易激发你的学习兴趣,提高上课的注意力。

学会迅速通读课本内容,做好课前预习

教师一般会安排同学们课前或课上自学。本册课堂师生对话的机会较多,课堂气氛活跃。对所学内容有一个大致的了解是你参与对话的前提。而对话的过程往往是靠问题支撑的。因此,积极地参与了对话,就相当于参与了一个严密的思考过程。

最重要的是建立联系的观点,掌握分析解决问题的一般思路

本册我们学习的核心内容是区位因素。地理环境各事物是相互联系的,因此,分析某一事物的区位因素时,一定要尽力打开思路,试着分析各要素之间有无联系。 比如说 一个区域的农业生产会受到哪些因素影响呢?大家能很快想到自然因素中的地形、气候、土壤、水源及社会经济因素中的科技、政策、交通、劳动力等。也就是说,大家都已经在这些要素和农业之间建立起了联系,甚至能解释它们对农业生产有怎样的影响。下面,你再把思路打开一些:工业对农业有没有影响?历史因素对农业有没有影响呢?……有!雄厚的工业基础能为农业提供生产资料、机械设备等各方面的保障,促进农业现代化进程。像东北商品粮基地与东北老工业区的关系。而历史上的饮食习惯和种植经验可以影响后来的农业发展,像亚洲季风区的水稻种植就和亚洲人喜食稻米有一定关系。

另外,还要学会联系实际区域,具体分析区位因素。 例如 ,在分析美国农业时,我们就应该着重分析其发达的工业、先进的科技及市场(国内消费水平高,国外市场广阔)对农业的促进作用。

最后,我们还应学会 分析解决问题的一般思路。不至于答题时没有思路,想到哪就答到哪儿。 以大牧场放牧业为例, 一般是这样一个分析思路:本区的区位条件 — 发展特点 — 改进措施 — 借鉴意义。有了这样一个基本思路,其中的发展措施具有广泛的借鉴意义。比如说我国内蒙古牧区,未来的发展应该着重考虑:草场建设、生物科技(病虫害、良种牛)、基础设施(水源、交通)、防治自然灾害(雪灾、冻害、虫灾)等方面。

能够把以上所学系统地整理一遍,让联系更明确,思路更清晰

以上几方面做到了,说明听课效果已经保障。怎样才能实打实地把学习情况转化为成绩?我们说过,考试形式相当灵活,那么,如果我们对所考查的区域非常熟悉,或是分析资料和图表的能力很强,抽象的、隐藏的问题就会变成具体而明确的问题,从而,降低了问题的难度。另外,万变不离其宗,考的还是课本上的原理。总之,我们还应特别注意以下三个方面。

多积累一些区域方面的知识。
学会分析判读各种图表和资料
答题之前,必须要回归课本找依据
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吾爱地理 » 高中地理学习方法系列:(十一)必修二学习指南
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