盘点那些让人迷惑的地理冷知识(二)

1. 非洲赤道附近国家的夏天比中国长城以南、青藏高原以东多数地区凉快

赤道附近的非洲国家,乌干达、肯尼亚之类,夏天温度基本上是15度~25度,完全不用开空调,晚上睡觉需要盖被子。相比中国南方城市动辄35度+的高温(几个火炉动辄40度+),真是凉快得不知哪里去了。

其实所谓“非洲温度高”,是指全年平均温比较高,没有冬天。当然,撒哈拉沙漠一带(比如苏丹)则是地狱模式的高温,但那不是大家认知中的“黑非洲”。黑非洲,特别是东非,气候上真是天堂级的存在,一年四季都15度~25度,光照充足,没有海洋性气候的潮湿多雨阴冷。怪不得丘吉尔对这片土地赞不绝口,并且惋惜,唯一的遗憾,就是这里的主体居民不是白人。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.东亚大陆的冬天是世界同纬度地区最冷的(或者说,四季的温差是全世界最大的)

哈尔滨和巴黎一个纬度,但哈尔滨1月份天气比北极圈里的摩尔曼斯克还冷。巴黎的冬天则和杭州差不多。伦敦的冬天也和杭州差不多,但伦敦是漠河的纬度!

传说中很恐怖的俄罗斯的冬天,莫斯科和圣彼得堡1月份的温度比沈阳还略高一点。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.瑞典、芬兰、挪威这些北欧国家,岛屿数量是“千岛之国”印尼的10倍以上

印尼有17000多岛屿,而瑞典有22万个岛屿,芬兰有17.9万个岛屿,挪威有15万个岛屿。

 

 

 

 

 

 

4.刚果河的平均深度超过220米,在靠近入海口的地方有几百米落差的瀑布和急流,导致作为世界流量第二大的巨型河流却不是优质航道。

刚果河位于非洲中西部,全长4640公里,流流总面积约为401万平方公里,是仅次于尼罗河的非洲第二长河,它的河水平均深度超过了220米,是世界上最深的河流,但90%的部分宽度只有几百米,还没有黄浦江那么宽。平均流量可以达到4.1万立方米每秒,最大流量可超过8万立方米每秒。

刚果河多经陡坡和悬崖,因此产生了大量的瀑布、险滩和急流。。流势极其凶猛,甚至冲出大陆后把大西洋的海床都给撕裂了,在入海口外形成了一条15公里宽,150公里长,1000米深的海底大裂谷,以及广阔的淡水洋面。

 

非洲整体作为“高原大陆”,在海岸线附近有巨大落差

刚果河的急流和瀑布

 

 

 

 

 

 

5.杭州是中国的大江大河入海口城市中,少数没有真正海港的,钱塘江入海口的河段基本不具备航运价值(这在东亚沿海是很罕见的)

因为沙坎和涌潮,钱塘江入海口河段的通航价值很差。所以钱塘江上的跨江大桥净空都很低,上海的南浦大桥净空高达46米,杭州市区钱塘江上各大桥的净空只有10米左右(钱塘江的宽度几乎是黄浦江的3倍)

杭州只有在萧山大江东的东侧江面(实际上已经是海面了)有一个2000吨级的码头(萧山临江临时出海码头),聊胜于无。

 

宽度超过1000米的钱塘江杭州市区段空空如也,钱江二桥往下游去更是一片空白

甬江比钱塘江小得多,但航运很繁忙

黄浦江上更是热闹

台州椒江的入海口河道也很热闹

瓯江入海口

闽江入海口

珠江入海口每条河道都密密麻麻的

6.深居西北内陆的新疆伊犁,年降水量和北京等沿海相当

伊犁河谷年平均降水量417.6毫米,山区600毫米左右。

北京年平均降水量626毫米,保定年平均降水量550毫米。

 

伊犁河谷

伊犁河谷远眺天山

 

 

 

 

本文授权在转载于知乎用户“盖因斯iFortune”,原文链接:https://www.zhihu.com/question/273564498/answer/618428704,感谢作者的辛勤创作!

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吾爱地理 » 盘点那些让人迷惑的地理冷知识(二)
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