盘点《哆啦A梦》漫画书中的地理

前言:

《哆啦A梦》是一部世界级的儿童读物,也是很多八零九零,乃至零零后的童年回忆。

虽然是轻松的漫画书,但儿时的我们不知不觉就被作者的世界观、情感态度所影响。

作者藤本弘老师是一个善于思考,并热爱自然、热爱生活、热爱和平的人,

因此,《哆啦A梦》中也有很多的小知识。

这里面不乏大量地理学科的知识。

为什么是地理呢?

因为一方面是因为地理学科是一门深入生活的学科,另一方面,对空间的探索和对未知事物的好奇也是人类的本能,这些内容小读者们会喜欢看。

儿时的我从这部漫画中不知不觉地了解了许多小知识,现在我梳理一下,既可以当做对童年的追忆,也可以作为教学资源的拓展。

 

 

1、动物灭绝

在《哆啦A梦》中,有大量的章节介绍了已经灭绝的生物,宣扬人类应当保护生物的栖息地,保护生物多样性,强调人地和谐发展。而地理学科核心素养之一就是“人地关系”。

篇章:第2卷《老狼一家》

剧情:由于人类对动物栖息地的破坏,导致日本狼只剩老狼一家。哆啦A梦和大雄发现了它们,本打算捕走搞个大新闻,但最终还是很同情它们的悲惨遭遇,并为它们作掩护。

知识:在现实中,真正的日本狼早已灭绝。曾经在日本大量繁衍,分布于本州、四国、九州。1905年,随着最后一头雄性幼狼被猎杀而终于彻底灭绝。

此外,其他章节还有多种已灭绝的动物被提及。

长迓狮(剑齿虎?)和舌懒兽(大长篇12大雄的梦幻王国)

塔斯马尼亚狼、猛犸(大长篇12大雄的梦幻王国)

恐鸟、渡渡鸟等(选自17卷:笃笃笃,恐鸟归来)

这里又提到了朱鹮(选自23卷:大雄世界上只有一个)所幸由于人类的保护,现在有很多朱鹮了

 

 

2、农业

篇章:第2卷《室内小农场》

剧情:大雄和哆啦A梦因为争吃年糕,突发奇想打算种水稻、做年糕。哆啦A梦拿出了“室内小农场”道具,这组道具有秧苗、迷你太阳、云朵、稻草人、配置好肥料的地毯。然后二人辛苦地开始耕种、照料,果真迎来了丰收,紧接着又收割、脱粒、碾米、蒸年糕……

各种道具其实就是区位因素

旱涝灾害

劳动集约型农业、稻田也是湿地

知识:人文地理中农业是主干知识,其中的季风水田农业又是重要的农业地域类型。这个故事展示了农业区位因素,季风气候降水分配不均对农业的影响,同时还介绍了台风、蝗灾等自然灾害对农业的影响,以及水稻的种植、农产品的生产过程,让人体会到种水稻的辛苦(毕竟劳动集约型)。

 

 

3、海底地形

篇章:第4卷《海底远足》

剧情:伙伴们讨论暑假计划,大雄日常希望炫耀他的计划宏伟。他打算徒步横穿太平洋,从日本走到旧金山。在哆啦美的帮助下,他备齐各种道具,从大陆架走到海沟,结果遇到海底火山喷发引起的地震,所幸最终“挂”在潜艇上,返回东京。

知识:展示了大陆架、大路坡、海沟等海底地形,还展示了海洋生物和海底火山爆发等景观。

值得注意的是,这里还介绍了一个非常冷的知识:海雪。

海雪,名字虽然很美好,但实际上很恶心。它是海中浮游生物组成的絮状物,也泛指海水中各种各样的悬浮着的颗粒集合体,如生物体死亡分解的碎屑、生物排泄的粪便颗粒、洋流带来的颗粒物等等。

真正的海雪(额(⊙o⊙)…)

 

 

4、大气的垂直分层和云、雨

篇章:大长篇12卷《大雄的梦幻王国》

剧情:该大长篇的背景舞台是天上人居住的云上,具体不一一赘述了。开篇大雄学校的唯一的老师就介绍了大气垂直分层和云雨的相关知识。(貌似所有的学科都是这一个老师教…)

知识:这里涉及必修一大气环境的开篇知识。云雨等天气现象都发生在对流层,十千米大致是对流层上界了,再往上就是利于飞机飞行的平流层。老师的寥寥数语道出了云和降水的成因:冷却的水滴,即要有降温的过程和充足的水汽。

关于云的知识

图片来源:香港天文台网站

从高度上,可以分为低云、中云和高云的三个分类:

低云:积云、层云、层积云

中云:高积云、高层云、雨层云

高云:卷云、卷积云、卷层云

直展云:垂直发展,如积云、积雨云

从外观上,用“积”、“层”、“卷”、“雨”这四个字:

“积”:像棉花一样堆积起来的云朵

“层”:像一层灰一样满布天空

“卷”:像缕缕卷发一样的云

“雨”:会带来降雨的云

 

 

5、城市化的影响

篇章:第4卷《月光与虫声》

剧情:对城市的孩子来说,夜晚月光下优美的虫鸣是遥不可及的。为了捉蟋蟀听虫鸣,哆啦A梦和大雄乘坐时光机来到20年前,在夜晚的家门口,聆听优美的虫声,他们最终决定不破坏这优美的旋律,空着手回去了。

知识:介绍了城市和乡村生活和景观的差异,揭示了城市化使得绿地减少,对生物多样性构成威胁这一现实。

 

 

 

 

6、地质历史

篇章:第5卷《地球制造法》

剧情:大雄为制造一个令人震撼的模型,向哆啦A梦求助。于是哆啦A梦拿出道具,展示了地球诞生和生物演化的过程。

知识:高中阶段也要学习地球环境变迁和主要地质年代的代表生物。

图片来源:中科院之声搜狐账号

 

 

 

7、地球圈层结构

篇章:第5卷《地底国探险》

剧情:大雄和多啦美惊奇的发现地下好像有城市,于是乘坐“地底探险车”向地球内部进发。

知识:必修一地球的结构中的知识。作者直接画出了地球的内部结构,还介绍了各圈层的构成物质和状态。

 

 

 

8、消亡边界宏观地物

篇章:大长篇4《海底鬼岩城》

剧情:大雄一行人前往海底探险,却发现了地球生物所面临的大危机……

知识:在高中地理必修一中,板块构造理论和板块边界形成的宏观地物是要掌握的知识点。

在大洋板块和大陆板块挤压碰撞的消亡边界,有深深的下切俯冲面——海沟。

也有隆起的一系列的岛屿——岛弧,消亡边界地质活跃,多火山地震。

 

 

 

 

 

9、板块运动

篇章:第44卷《夏威夷来了》

剧情:大雄想去夏威夷,哆啦A梦用道具“压缩年月枪”(把经过常年累月完成的现象一下子完成),夏威夷可以很快地向日本靠近。

 

知识:这一节比较靠后,但是和上面第8条在知识点上有联系,就提前说一下吧。

同样是板块构造理论的知识,说明了太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲运动这一事实。

 

 

10、对跖点

篇章:哆啦A梦S历险记特别篇(三谷幸广的七小子的故事)第一卷

剧情:在第一卷中哆啦们遇到的第一个强敌——独角大王,它唯一的弱点是惧怕阳光。

但当时正值黑夜,哆啦利纽利用任意门+通行圈,

把日本对面南美洲的阳光“借”来,战胜了它。

知识: 对跖点是地球直径的两个端点,英文antipodes,anti有“相反、相对”之意,pode是词根ped的变式,有“脚”的意思。也就是从字面上理解,对跖点是“脚与脚相对”。

某位置和它的对跖点,经度相加为180°,地方时相差12时,纬度相等。

距离是该位置在地球球面最远的地方,大约20000km。

对跖点地图

 

 

 

内容还有很多,本文先介绍前几卷和大长篇中的内容。

 

 

 

本文授权转载于知乎用户“牛正蓝”,感谢作者的辛勤付出!

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吾爱地理 » 盘点《哆啦A梦》漫画书中的地理
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