河口、河流含沙量、冲积平原

河口
河口是河流注入海洋、湖泊或另一条河流的地方。如果堆积作用明显,河口大多有三角洲发育;如果堆积作用较弱,潮汐作用较强,常形成喇叭形河口,也称三角湾;在峡湾式海岸还可能有峡湾型河口。在河流注入新的水体,水流开始明显分散的地方,称为口门。

 

河流含沙量
河流含沙量指单位体积河水中所含泥沙的数量。单位为千克/立方米。河流含沙量随时间而变化,一年中最大含沙量出现在汛期,最小含沙量出现在枯水期。河流含沙量与流域环境有密切关系,如在我国黄河中游及支流中出现每立方米有数百千克至一千千克以上的高含沙水流。含沙量对河水水情和河道变迁影响很大。因此,防洪、灌溉、航运、水电等水利工程设施都需考虑含沙量的问题。

 

冲积平原
冲积平原指的是河流搬运的碎屑物因流速减缓而逐渐堆积所形成的平原。其主要特征为地势平坦、沉积深厚、面积广大。如中国的华北平原主要由黄河、淮河和海河等大河合力堆积而成。冲积平原一般分为山前平原、中部平原和滨海平原三部分。

 

 

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吾爱地理 » 河口、河流含沙量、冲积平原
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