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ASTER系列数据下载方法

本系列的文章由知乎用户“Gooong”授权转载

 

数据概况

ASTER是美国NASA（宇航局）与日本METI（经贸及工业部）合作并有两国的科学界、工业界积极参与的项目。它是Terra卫星上的一种高级光学传感器，包括了从可见光到热红外共14个光谱通道，可以为多个相关的地球环境资源研究领域提供科学、实用的卫星数据。

Terra卫星（也被称为EOS-AM1卫星）于1999年12月18日发射升空，是EOS计划的第一颗卫星。Terra卫星上共有五种传感器，能同时采集地球大气、陆地、海洋和太阳能量平衡等信息：

  • 云与地球辐射能量系统CERES
  • 中分辨率成像光谱仪MODIS
  • 多角度成像光谱仪MISR
  • 先进星载热辐射与反射辐射计ASTER
  • 对流层污染测量仪MOPITT

TERRA卫星参数

所属国家 美国、日本、加拿大
设计寿命（年） 5
发射时间 1999-12-18
预计失效时间 2010-12-31
卫星重量（千克） 5190
轨道类型 近极地太阳同步轨道
轨道高度（千米） 705
轨道倾角（°） 98.2
运行周期（分钟） 98.1
每天绕地球圈数 15
降交点地方时 10:30
轨道重复周期（天） 16
传感器数量 5
下行速率（Mbps） 18.5

波段介绍

ASTER传感器有三个谱段：可见光近红外谱段、短波红外谱段和热红外谱段。可见光近红外波段有4个，短波红外有6个，热红外波段有5个，共15个波段。ASTER数据分辨率为15至90米，扫描幅宽为60千米。

卫星及传感器 波段数量 分辨率（米） 扫描幅宽（千米
卫星 传感器 全色 可见光 近红外 短波红外 热红外 雷达 最高 最低 垂直轨道方向
Terra ASTER VNIR － 2 2 － － － 15 15 60
ASTER SWIR － － － 6 － － 30 30 60
ASTER TIR － － － － 5 － 90 90 60

ASTER传感器波段情况

波段编号 波段类型 波长范围(微米) 侧视角（°） 分辨率（米）
B1 可见光近红外波段 0.52～0.60 +/-24 15
B2 可见光近红外波段 0.63～0.69 +/-24 15
B3 可见光近红外波段 0.76～0.86 +/-24 15
立体后视 可见光近红外波段 0.76～0.86 +/-24 15
B4 短波红外 1.60～1.70 +/-8.55 30
B5 短波红外 2.145～2.185 +/-8.55 30
B6 短波红外 2.185～2.225 +/-8.55 30
B7 短波红外 2.235～2.285 +/-8.55 30
B8 短波红外 2.295～2.365 +/-8.55 30
B9 短波红外 2.360～2.430 +/-8.55 30
B10 热红外 8.125～8.475 +/-8.55 390
B11 热红外 8.475～8.825 +/-8.55 90
B12 热红外 8.925～9.275 +/-8.55 90
B13 热红外 10.25～10.95 +/-8.55 90
B14 热红外 10.95～11.65 +/-8.55 90

常用领域

  • 在科研领域，ASTER数据可被用于监测活火山的活动规律、监测海岸线的侵蚀和下沉状况、热带雨林地区的植被监测、海洋珊瑚、暗礁地图的测量、分析沿海地带的海平面温度变化、极地雪川、冰河以及云量的研究
  • 在应用领域，ASTER数据可被用于农作物估产、土壤质量调查、森林以及平原火灾的调查、野生动物生活环境的调查、地形图的制作、土地使用状况分类、城市发展动态监测、交通和运输路线调查、近海和近河地区的洪水监测、地质特征、地质特征分类、岩石记述学、岩石和土壤的界定、火山分布状况调查、水资源调查、石油泄漏以及其它污染的调查、大气环境监测、水污染监测及土壤污染分布调查。

下载方法

在 AsterWeb 网站列出了几个下载源，本文档介绍从USGS EarthExplorer下载数据的方法：

  1. 打开USUS EarthExplorer网站：https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov，需要在右上角进行用户注册或登录

小技巧

使用gmail或学校邮箱邮箱进行注册，收邮件可能会快一些

_images/EarthExplorer.png

  1. 左侧标签栏点击”Search Criteria”，选择合适的影像范围和时间，可以通过搜索地点或输入坐标来选择范围

_images/Select.png

  1. 影像时间和范围确定后，点击”DataSet”进入数据集选择菜单，在出现的数据列表中选择”Landsat”，并勾选自己想要下载的数据集

_images/DataSet.png

  1. 数据集确定后，点击”Result”，即可查看查询结果；若想根据云量等继续筛选影像，点击”Additional Criteria”设置筛选条件

_images/Result.png

  1. 查询结果如图所示，在每幅图像下点击下载符号即可进行下载

_images/Download.png

数据处理

ASTER数据格式主要为HDF，可使用ENVI软件打开

 

 

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