高中地理基本概念大全(精!!!)-吾爱地理

 

1、天体、天体系统

天体是就宇宙间物质的存在形式而言的

,是各种星体和星际物质的通称。

天体系统是就天体的运动关系而言的

,是指运动着的天体因相互吸引、相互绕转所构成的

相对独立和层次不同的系统。最高一级天体系统是总星系

,最低一级天体系统是行星和卫星组

成的行星系统如地月系等。

2、地球自转、公转

都是地球运动的基本形式。 自转是指地球围绕地轴的运动 ,公转是指地球围绕太阳的运动。

自转的轨道面与公转轨道面有

23 度 26 分的夹角 ,即黄赤交角。

3、回归年、恒星年

回归年是太阳直射点回归运动的周期

,时间是 365日

5 时 48 分 46 秒;恒星年是地球绕日公

转 360 度所需要的时间 ,是 365 日 6 时 9 分 10秒。

4、地方时、区时、时区、北京时间、国际标准时间

地方时 :因经度不同的时刻。地球上有无数个地方时。

时区:1884年国际上采取了全世界按统一标准划分时区

,实行分区计时的办法 ,将全球分成 2

4 个时区 ,其中东西 12 区各半个时区。

区时:国际上规定每一时区都采用中央经线的地方时作为标准时间

,这种时间称为区时。

北京时间 :我国统一采用的标准时间 ,等同于东 8 区的区时 ,或东经

120 度的地方时。

国际标准时间 :中时区的区时 ,即格林尼治时间、伦敦时间、零度经线的地方时

5、日界线、划分两个日期的界线

国际上为避免日期混乱而人为划定的一个界线

,与 180度经度既有重合也有不重合的地方。

划分两个日期的界线有两条 :日界线和地方时为 0时的经线 ,在计算两个日期的面积时 ,一般

用地方时而不用区时 ,同时也不考虑日界线的弯曲。

6、晨线、昏线

昼半球与夜半球的分界线。不同点是

:晨线的东侧是白昼 ,西侧是黑夜 ;昏线的东侧是黑夜 ,

西侧是白昼。晨昏线的长度是球面上大圆的一半。晨昏线将地球分成相等的两半。

 

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吾爱地理 » 高中地理基本概念大全(精!!!)-吾爱地理
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