高中地理学习方法系列:(八)学会科学记忆

地理记忆方法

 

许多同学反映“地理不难学,就是不好记”。的确,教材中有许多的地名、数据、物产,要把它们记住确实很不容易。这时候,我们首先,应该分清课标中对这些地理事物的要求,是必须记住的,还是可记可不记的,还是只要理解不必记忆?在明确这个问题之后,我们就可以再来探讨记忆的方法。

  1. 及时复习,重复记忆

如何记得又快又准,是大家比较关心的事情。其实,克服遗忘、加强记忆的最好办法,就是重复,这也是由人的生理结构所决定的。当天学过的内容当天复习,一周至 10 天左右再复习一遍,两个月内再复习一遍,这对巩固记忆非常有效。同学们想一想,这是不是也正好和老师、学校安排的单元检测、期中或期末考试的周期是相吻合、相一致的。

  1. 调动感官,增强记忆

从心理学角度来说,由多种感官(眼看、耳听、口诵、手写、脑想)参加的学习活动,其记忆效果最好。这些感官是眼、耳、口、手、脑。在学习中,应当尽可能多地读一读、想一想、说一说和做一做并将其结合在一起就是有效的记忆方法。

例如,在读图时,不仅仅是观察地图,还可以根据需要用彩色笔进行勾画涂抹。

在“非洲气候带分布图”上就可以将热带沙漠气候区用红笔涂色,将热带草原气候区用黄笔涂色,将热带雨林气候区用绿笔涂色等。又如在“我国年降水量分布图”上将> 1600 毫米、 1600 ~ 800 毫米、 800 ~ 400 毫米、 400 ~ 200 毫米和 200 ~ 50 毫米的不同降水的区域涂上不同的颜色,那么关于非洲气候分布特征和我国年降水量分布规律的知识会深深地印在你的脑海中。这样记忆肯定是深刻的。

  1. 适当联想,趣味记忆

同学们在学习地理时除了进行重复记忆、感观记忆之外,还可以充分地发挥自己的想象力和创造力,利用联想、理解增强记忆。

在学习中国政区图,记忆我国省区轮廓时,同学们可发挥自己的想象进行形象地记忆,把黑龙江形象地看成一只美丽的天鹅,广东像一头大象的头部,而台湾省又像一叶正在驶向祖国怀抱的小舟……等等,这样记忆的效果也是比较好的。

此外,在学习地理时,我们可以利用自己在生活中的体验和感受来学习和领会知识,加强记忆。例如:对于三大人种的体质特征,我们可以根据自己对电视、画报中不同肤色人们的观察,就能够比较容易地说出他们的肤色、头发、面部等特征。其它的象大量农村人口迁往城市的主要原因、人口增长过快所产生的社会问题等内容,我们不要去死记,而是依据我们对生活的体验和感受,去理解地记忆。

  1. 把握联系,理解记忆

地理环境各要素之间是相互影响、相互制约的,这就决定了地理知识之间也存在着必然的内在联系。只要我们理解了知识之间的这种联系,并把握住这些联系,纵然知识是千头万绪,我们也会记忆的一清二楚。相反囫囵吞枣地死记硬背,一方面不能将知识融会贯通,灵活运用;另一方面也容易丢三拉四,背了后面忘记了前面。地理学科知识纷繁复杂,千条万绪。学会抓住知识之间的联系进行记忆对于我们学好地理具有很大的益处。

例如:关于日本,课本介绍的内容是很多的,这么多的知识单凭机械记忆是不行的,应当找到知识与知识之间的联系进行记忆,但这些丰富而纷杂的内容之间具有什么样的联系呢,我们能不能根据这些联系进行记忆呢?电视机前的同学可以和我一起试一试:

日本是亚洲东部的位于太平洋上的一个群岛国家,这种地理位置决定了日本的气候是海洋性的季风气候,海洋性的季风气候降水丰富,加上国土狭小,多山地丘陵的地形,使河流短促,水力资源丰富;在湿润的气候条件下,山地和丘陵地区分布着广阔的森林;日本的矿产资源贫乏,但利用海岸线曲折,多优良港湾, 海上交通便利的条件,大量地进口工业原料和燃料,由于国内市场狭小,大量的工业品需要出口,所以工业集中分布在多优良港湾的太平洋沿岸和濑户内海沿岸;群岛国家的附近海域渔业资源丰富,日本的渔业发达。象这样是不是好记一些了呢?

  1. 抓住异同,对比记忆

抓住地理事物之间的差异性和相似性进行记忆也是一种有效的记忆方法。例如长江和黄河是我们著名的两条大河,它们在许多方面存在着差异,运用对比的方法去记忆关于长江和黄河 的知识是比较合适的。

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吾爱地理 » 高中地理学习方法系列:(八)学会科学记忆
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