高中地理学习方法系列:(七)培养地理思维

地理思维

 

培养地理思维能力,是高中地理课程的重要目标,对学好地理非常重要。

组成地理环境的各要素之间是相互联系、互为因果的,任何地理事物的发生发展都不是由单一的因素造成的,而是由多种因素共同作用造成的。但是,在这诸多的地理因素中,有某一、两个要素起着关键性的作用。我们应当学会找出这一关键性的因素,并以此为线索,将其他的各要素联系起来,从而正确理解各地理要素之间的内在联系。

初中地理主要侧重于区域地理的学习。一般来说,影响某区域的地理特征的最主要因素就是该区域的地理位置(也就是我们经常讲的区位因素),这一点从教材内容先后顺序中就已经明显地表现了出来。同时,在对每个区域的论述中,首先提出的也是该地的地理位置,位于哪个半球?什么纬度?海陆位置如何?有哪些邻国?等等。所以思考问题时应抓住该地的地理位置,以此为突破口,去分析其他地理要素的特征。

关于地理位置影响自然环境,最具有代表的地区是我国西北地区。与我国其他地区相比较,西北地区具有许多独特的地理特征。如沙漠广泛分布,人烟稀少,地表植被以草原、荒漠为主,河流湖泊多为内流河和内陆湖,动植物具有明显的耐旱特征,农业生产以畜牧业为主,灌溉农业发达……等,这些现象产生的直接原因是这里的大陆性气候显著,降水稀少,而造成降水稀少,气候干旱的根本原因又是这里“深居内陆”的地理位置。当然,“地形闭塞”也对西北地区干旱的气候起到了重要的作用。

不是所有的区域地理特征的形成都是以地理位置为主要因素的,有些区域的地理特征的形成是其他因素在起着更重要的作用,青藏高原就是一个典型的例子。我国的青藏高原是一个特殊的区域。其特殊就在于这里的海拔高。大家知道,青藏高原是世界上海拔最高的大高原。较高的海拔,给这里带来了与众不同的低温和强日照,从而导致了一系列其他地理要素的变化。

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吾爱地理 » 高中地理学习方法系列:(七)培养地理思维
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